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Conditionality and SAPs

Structural adjustment is the name given to a set of "free market" economic policies imposed on countries by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) as a condition for receiving financial assistance or debt relief. Structural adjustment programmes, (SAPs), are argued to stabilize developing country economies. They have failed in this mission and instead, have imposed harsh economic measures, which have deepened poverty, undermined food security and self-reliance and lead to unsustainable resource exploitation.

Our Structural Adjustment campaign has focused on:

  • A structural adjustment participatory review initiative (SAPRI), analyzing impacts of specific policies in different countries;
  • Educating Canadians on the impacts of structural adjustment, through a study of the impacts of structural adjustment in Canada;
  • monitoring and exposing conditionalities of debt relief; and
  • critiquing the structural adjustment facility at the IMF, formerly called the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF).

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Section Articles

CSO Common Statement on the Norwegian Conference on Conditionality

On the eve of a meeting convened by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Oslo to discuss the issue of World Bank and IMF conditionality, CSOs from these countries have drafted a common statement on the issue. The meeting on November 28 and 29 will bring together government officials from Belgium, Finland, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom (and up until last night, Canada!) and CSOs from the North and South. The Halifax Initiative will attend.

Issue Brief - Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers - September 2005

To receive debt reduction through the World Bank and IMF, low-income countries must prepare of a Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper(PRSP). Learn more about why this process is under fire from critics, including the institutions themselves.

Two Reports - Driving under World Bank and IMF Influence (October 2005)

Two reports, prepared in 2005 by the Social Justice Committee, look at the role of the World Bank and the IMF in Guyana and Senegal, highlighting how excessive control of the institutions over development plans undermines democracy and the programs themselves.

Report - Analysis of G8 Debt Deal (June 2005)

KAIROS and Halifax Initiative Coalition provide short analysis of the details of the G8 Finance Minister's debt deal announced on June 11, 2005.

At the Table or in the Kitchen? (September 2004)

The Halifax Initiative Coalition and the Canadian Council for International Co-operation have co-authored the report "At the Table or in the Kitchen? CIDA's New Aid Strategies, Developing Country Ownership and Donor Conditionality," which seeks to understand the implications of three converging elements in CIDA's implementation of its 2002 policy the agency's reliance on PRSPs to define country priorities for poverty reduction, its support for program based approaches to deliver increasing aid budgets for poverty reduction, and its increased coordination with the World Bank and other major donors in these PBAs.

Impoverishing a Continent: The World Bank and the IMF in Africa (July 2004)

The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are the two most powerful institutions in global trade and finance. Since 1980, the United States government which dominates both bodies has used them to economically subjugate the developing world. The World Bank and the IMF have forced Third World countries to open their economies to Western penetration and increase exports of primary goods to wealthy nations. These steps amongst others have multiplied profits for Western multinational corporations while subjecting Third World countries to horrendous levels of poverty, unemployment, malnutrition, illiteracy and economic decline. The region worst affected has been Africa.

Issue Brief: Conditions for debt relief (May 1999)

The World Bank and IMF adopted new rhetoric about reducing poverty, and linking debt relief primarily to poverty actions in the fall. But countries entering the debt relief process are still facing the same old conditions that have nothing to do with poverty reduction, and can actually increase the hardships of the poor.

Fact Sheet: Debt delays (December 2001)

After the IMF delayed the HIPC implementation for Nicaragua, here is the summary of other country cases, their social context, and delays in debt relief:

Excerpts from a letter sent to the IMF & WB (July 1999)

Excerpts from a letter sent to: Tom Bernes, Executive Director for Canada, International Monetary Fund and Terrie O'Leary, Executive Director for Canada, World Bank

The IMF's Structural Adjustment Programme for Canada 1994-1995 (December 1995)

This report outlines the Structural Adjustment programs that Canada must adhere to governed by the IMF.

The Halifax Initiative

The Halifax Initiative is a Canadian coalition of development, environment, faith-based, human rights and labour groups.

Our goal is to fundamentally transform the international financial system and its institutions, namely the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and export credit agencies.

By doing so, we hope to achieve poverty eradication, environmental sustainability and the full realization of human rights.

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